Linfoma mediastinal em equino - relato de caso / Equine mediastinal lymphoma - case report

Uma égua SRD, com 20 anos de idade, foi encaminhada ao hospital veterinário com histórico de emagrecimento, perda de apetite e aumento de volume na região peitoral e no pescoço. Aos exames físico e laboratorial, constatou-se que o animal apresentava taquicardia, taquipneia, hiperproteinemia, hiperfibrinogenemia e hipoalbuminemia. À auscultação cardíaca, os sons das válvulas pulmonar e aórtica não foram audíveis. Realizaram-se as avaliações eletrocardiográfica e ecodopplercardiográfica transtorácica bilateral, nas quais se observaram presença de efusão pleural e deslocamento caudal do coração. Na varredura ultrassonográfica ao redor do coração, constatou-se a presença de uma massa na base do coração. Para tentar amenizar o quadro respiratório, foi realizada drenagem torácica. A efusão pleural apresentava característica serossanguinolenta, com padrão citológico inflamatório. Algumas horas após retornar a baia, o animal veio a óbito. Realizou-se a necropsia, na qual pôde ser observada a presença da massa posicionada ao redor do tronco braquiocefálico. Na análise histopatológica, diagnosticou-se o linfoma difuso de células pequenas e médias.(AU)

A 20-year-old mixed breed mare was referred to the veterinary hospital with history of weight loss, loss of appetite, and swelling of the chest and neck. On physical exam the patient was in tachycardia and tachypnea and laboratory results indicated hyperproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and hypoalbuminemia. On cardiac auscultation, the pulmonary and aortic valves sounds were not audible. Presence of pleural effusion and heart caudal displacement were identified on electrocardiographic and Doppler echocardiography evaluation and a mass at the base of the heart was oberved through ultrasound scanning around the heart. To alleviate the respiratory condition, thoracic drainage was performed. The pleural effusion presented characteristic serosanguineous with cytologic inflammatory. After returning to stall, the animal died. In necropsy, the presence of a mass positioned around the brachiocephalic trunk was identified and histopathology results were compatible with diffuse small and medium cell lymphoma.(AU)

Inter-observer variability influences the Lugano classification when restaging lymphoma

Background: Lymphoma is an important and potentially curable oncological disease in South Africa. The staging and restaging of lymphoma have evolved over the years, with the latest international consensus guideline being the Lugano classification (LC). Prior to routine implementation of the LC, its robustness in the local setting should be determined. Objectives: To determine the Inter-observer variability in response assignment when applying the LC in patients with lymphoma who were staged and restaged with computed tomography. In case of excessive discordance, specific mitigating measures will have to be taken before and during any proposed implementation of the LC. Method: A total of 61 computed tomography scans in 21 patients were evaluated independentlyby four reviewers according to the LC, of which 21 scans were done at baseline, 21 at initial restaging and 19 at follow-up restaging. A retrospective comparative analysis was performed. Kappa values were calculated to determine agreement between observers. Results: Only a moderate inter-observer agreement of 52% in the overall response classification was demonstrated. The most important sources of discrepancy were inconsistency in the assessment of target lesion regression to normal, determining the percentage change in the summed cross-sectional area of the target lesions and ascribing new lesions as either due to lymphoma or other causes. Conclusion: Implementing the Lugano classification when restaging lymphoma is desirable to improve consistency and to conform to international guidelines. However, our study shows substantial inter-observer variability in response classification, potentially altering the treatment plan. Dedicated training and continuous quality control should, therefore, accompany the process

Epidemiology and subtype distribution of lymphoid neoplasms from a single institution in Lebanon between 2010 and 2014

The 2008 WHO classification is the gold standard for classifying hematopoietic neoplasms. Our study reviewed 1256 cases between the years 2010 and 2014. It aimed to establish a descriptive status of lymphoma cases in Lebanon. Hodgkin lymphomas [HL] accounted for 21% of all cases whereas non-Hodgkin lymphomas [NHL] accounted for 79%. In NHL, mature B-cell neoplasms accounted for 85% and mature T-cell neoplasms accounted for 9%. For mature B-cell neoplasms, the majority of cases [48%] were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [DLBCL]. Within T-cell lymphomas, anaplastic lymphoma [ALCL 40%] was the most prevalent. The distribution within subtypes confirmed the findings of two previous Lebanese studies. Our figures of HL are higher than in Eastern and Western countries. This could probably be related to EBV infection among other etiologies. Our NHL figures are close to the Western world. Westernization of the way of life of the Lebanese society could explain this result

Applicability of PCR-based clonality assay in dogs with multicentric lymphoma / Aplicabilidade do ensaio de clonalidade por PCR em cães com linfoma multicêntrico

Linfoma multicêntrico apresenta alta prevalência dentre as neoplasias em cães, e o diagnóstico rotineiro não é eficaz para avaliação de prognóstico. A PCR para rearranjos de receptores de antígeno (PRRA) apresenta potencial para classificação e estadiamento de linfomas. Este trabalho objetiva relatar o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de PRRA para aplicação em cães, baseando-se em condições e primers descritos na literatura. Foram coletados aspirados de linfonodo de 10 cães com linfoma multicêntrico e 15 lâminas de linfonodo positivas para linfoma já secas ao ar, fixadas e coradas. O protocolo utilizado demonstrou-se eficaz na amplificação de DNA das amostras frescas e das lâminas, com sensibilidade de 75%, similar à de estudos anteriores. Resultados parciais sugerem prevalência de linfomas de células B (60%) sobre células T (40%). O presente estudo abre precedentes para uma série de novos estudos com diagnóstico molecular de linfomas.(AU)

Comparative study of histopathology and immunohistochemistry of indefinite round cell cutaneous tumors and characterization of canine lymphoma / Estudo comparativo de histopatologia e imuno-histoquímica de tumores indefinidos de células redondas e caracterização de linfoma canino

With the purpose of shedding light on some doubts in veterinary oncology, the present article intends to compare the results of histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of unspecific round cell neoplasia, to realize immunophenotyping of canine lymphoma cases, to establish the T or B origin of neoplastic cells, and to determine the degree of proliferation and apoptosis of lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Of 11 animals presenting immunohistochemical diagnosis of lymphoma, five had been diagnosed as Lymphoma by HE staining of histopathological slides and six had been classified as unspecific round cell neoplasia. All cases submitted to immunohistochemical examination were T-cell lymphomas. There was a positive correlation between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The comparison among histopathological and immunohistochemical results obtained in the cases examined in the present study suggested that immunohistochemistry is essential for the differentiation of round cell neoplasia.

Com o objetivo de sanar algumas dúvidas na área da oncologia veterinária, o presente artigo pretende comparar os resultados dos exames histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de neoplasias de células redondas inespecíficas, realizar imunofenotipagem dos casos de linfoma canino e determinar o grau de proliferação e apoptose de linfomas. Dos 11 animais que apresentaram diagnóstico imuno-histoquímico de linfoma, cinco foram diagnosticados como linfoma por coloração HE das lâminas histopatológicas e seis foram classificados como neoplasia de células redondas inespecíficas. Todos os casos submetidos ao exame imuno-histoquímico foram de linfomas de células-T. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a proliferação celular e apoptose. A comparação entre os resultados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos obtidos nos casos analisados sugeriu que a imuno-histoquímica é essencial para a diferenciação das neoplasias de células redondas.

Indicações e limites da imunoistoquímica no câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Indications and pitfalls of immunohistochemistry in head and neck cancer

O estudo imunoistoquímico tem sido empregado para a avaliação do diagnóstico diferencial de neoplasia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso do método nos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de casos do Registro Hospitalar de Câncer da instituição. RESULTADOS: De 704 resultados anatomopatológicos, a imunoistoquímica foi realizada em 76 (11%). A maioria correspondeu a carcinomas - 85,80% e, destes, 83,66% eram epidermoides. Todos os exames foram para fins diagnósticos. Houve maior frequência para o uso de 34BE12 (37,18%), AE1/AE3 (35,90%), 35BH11 (28,21%), CD45 (25,64%), CD20 (24,36%), CD30 (24,36%), CK7 (23,08%) e CD3 (23,08%). CONCLUSÃO: A imunoistoquímica foi usada em 10,67% dos casos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a exame anatomopatológico, sendo maior para os carcinomas -- 5,26%. Na determinação do carcinoma epidermoide, seu uso foi de 18,42% do total de neoplasias.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been employed in the differential diagnosis of tumors. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of IHC in cases of head and neck tumor. METHOD: This is a retrospective study of the cases included in the Cancer Registry of the institution. RESULTS: IHC was used in 76 (11%) of 704 pathology tests. Most cases were carcinomas (85.80%), and 83.66% of them were squamous cell carcinomas. All tests were done with diagnostic purposes. The most frequently used antibodies were 34BE12 (37.18%), AE1/AE3 (35.9%), 35BH11 (28.21%), CD45 (25.64%), CD20 (24.36%), CD30 (24.36%), CK7 (23.08%) and CD3 (23.08%). CONCLUSIONS: IHC was used in 10.67% of the head and neck tumor cases submitted to pathology testing, mostly for carcinoma (5.26%). In the determination of squamous cell carcinoma, IHC accounted for 18.42% of all tumors.

Classificação dos tumores hematopoéticos e linfoides de acordo com a OMS: padronização da nomenclatura em língua portuguesa, 4ª edição / Classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid tumors: WHO, standardization of nomenclature in Portuguese, 4th edition

INTRODUÇÃO: A classificação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para os tumores do tecido hematopoético e linfoide (4ª edição, 2008) representa uma revisão atualização da 3ª edição publicada em 2001. A tradução da nomenclatura utilizada para identificar as entidades descritas deve ser clara, precisa e uniforme no sentido de reproduzir de forma correta as diversas entidades clinicopatológicas para clínicos, patologistas e pesquisadores envolvidos na área da onco-hematopatologia. OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam uma proposta de atualização e padronização terminológica em língua portuguesa, com base na OMS/2008.

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue (4th edition, 2008) tumors constitutes an updated review of the 3rd edition published in 2001. The translation of the nomenclature used to describe the entities should be clear, precise and uniform so that clinicians, pathologists and researchers involved in the onco-hematopathological area may identify them accurately. OBJECTIVE: With this purpose, the authors present an updated proposal and a terminological standardization in Portuguese based on WHO/2008.

Gastrointestinal lymphomas: Pattern of distribution and histological subtypes: 10 years experience in a tertiary centre in South India.

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the major sites of extra-nodal lymphomas constituting 10-15% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases and about 30-40% of extra-nodal lymphomas. Considerable variation exists in the literature with respect to incidence of the various histological subtypes and sites of involvement. This study was undertaken to ascertain the anatomic distribution, histological subtypes and sites of all GIT lymphomas presenting to a tertiary referral hospital in southern India. Materials and Methods: The histological material of 361 patients over a period of 10 years (2001-2010), with histopathological diagnosis of lymphoma involving the GIT (both primary and secondary), was analyzed retrospectively. All lymphomas were reclassified according to the World Health Organization 2008 classification. Results: These 361 cases include 336 primary and 25 cases of lymphomas, where the involvement was secondary. Primary lymphomas consisted of 267 males (79.64%) and 68 females (20.24%) with a male:female ratio of 3.93:1. The mean age was 45 years (range 3-88). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the commonest subtype (222 cases; 66.71%), followed by low-grade marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type (34 cases; 10.12%) and Burkitt's lymphoma (35 cases; 10.48%). The commonest site was stomach (180 cases; 53.57%), followed by small intestine (79 cases; 23.51%) and large intestine (68 cases; 20.23%), respectively. There were some uncommon types of GIT lymphomas documented during the study. Conclusion: In this largest retrospective single centre study from India, we establish that the pattern of distribution of primary GIT lymphomas (PGLs) in India is similar to the western literature in that the stomach is the commonest site of PGL and DLBCL is the commonest histological subtype. Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease cases were seen in this study, which is uncommon in the west.

Classificação citológica dos linfomas caninos / Cytological classification of canine lymphomas

Os linfomas estão entre as neoplasias mais frequentes na espécie canina. Do ponto de vista etiológico, epidemiológico, clínico, morfológico e imunofenotípico os linfomas caninos apresentam muitas semelhanças com os linfomas não-Hodgkin humanos e os esquemas de classificação destes têm sido utilizados na espécie canina. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi aplicar aos linfomas caninos as classificações de Kiel, Working Formulation e Fournel-Fleury, et al., (1994) em material colhido pelo método da PAAF (Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina). De acordo com a Classificação de Kiel, 61,02% (36 casos) das neoplasias se enquadram como de grau alto 38,98% (23 casos) como de grau baixo. Segundo a Classificação da Working Formulation, 11,86% (sete casos) foram classificados linfomas de grau baixo, 61,02% (36 casos) de grau intermediário e 27,12% (16 casos) de grau alto. Utilizando a classificação proposta por Fournel-Fleury et al. (1994), 38,98% (23 casos) dos animais que apresentaram linfomas de grau baixo e 61,02% (36 casos) de grau intermediário ou alto. Concluindo, a PAAF é um método de diagnóstico que pode ser empregado na classificação dos linfomas caninos. A classificação que mostrou melhores resultados foi a de Kiel, que tem por característica principal a ênfase nos achados citológicos.

Lymphoma is among the most frequent canine neoplasia and share many similarities with human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in respect of etiology, epidemiology, clinical, morphological and immunophenotipical aspects. Human classification schemes have been used in canine lymphoma. The aim of this work was apply Kiel, Working Formulation and Fournel-Fleury’s et al. (1994) classification in Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology matherial. According to Kiel scheme 61.02% (36 cases) were high-grade lymphomas and 38.98% (23 cases) low grade. The Working Formulation, showed 11.86% (7 cases) of low grade, 61.02% (36 cases) intermediary grade and 27.12% (16 cases) high grade. In Fournel-Fleury’s protocol revealed a predominance of high-grade lymphoma, with 61.02% (36 cases) over 38.98% (23 cases) of low grade. In conclusion, FNA can be used as a diagnostic method and in canine lymphoma cytological classification. Kiel’s system showed the best results, once is based on cytologic basis.

Pediatric lymphomas in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: This study provides the clinical pathological characteristics of 1301 cases of pediatric/adolescent lymphomas in patients from different geographic regions of Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective analyses of diagnosed pediatric lymphoma cases in a 10-year period was performed. We believe that it represents the largest series of pediatric lymphomas presented from Brazil. RESULTS: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas represented 68 percent of the cases, including those of precursor (36 percent) and mature (64 percent) cell origin. Mature cell lymphomas comprised 81 percent of the B-cell phenotype and 19 percent of the T-cell phenotype. Hodgkin lymphomas represented 32 percent of all cases, including 87 percent of the classical type and 13 percent of nodular lymphocyte predominant type. The geographic distribution showed 38.4 percent of the cases in the Southeast region, 28.7 percent in the Northeast, 16.1 percent in the South, 8.8 percent in the North, and 8 percent in the Central-west region. The distribution by age groups was 15-18 years old, 33 percent; 11-14 years old, 26 percent; 6-10 years old, 24 percent; and 6 years old or younger, 17 percent. Among mature B-cell lymphomas, most of the cases were Burkitt lymphomas (65 percent), followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (24 percent). In the mature T-cell group, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-positive was the most prevalent (57 percent), followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma, then not otherwise specified (25 percent). In the group of classic Hodgkin lymphomas, the main histological subtype was nodular sclerosis (76 percent). Nodular lymphocyte predominance occurred more frequently than in other series. CONCLUSION: Some of the results found in this study may reflect the heterogeneous socioeconomical status and environmental factors of the Brazilian population in different regions.

Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma in Korea-A Single Center Experience

The aim of this study was to report a single center experience of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) in Korea. We analyzed the clinicopathological data from four PPL patients (three male, median age 36 yr) diagnosed from 1997 to 2007 at Seoul National University Hospital. The diagnoses were: diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n=2), Ki-1 (+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (n=1), and Burkitt lymphoma (n=1). Presenting symptoms and signs were: abdominal pain (n=4), pancreatitis (n=2), weight loss (n=2) and abdominal mass (n=1). No patient underwent surgery. The Ann Arbor stages of the patients were: IEA (n=1), IIEA (n=1), and IVEB (n=2). Two patients underwent treatment. The stage IEA patient underwent chemotherapy and radiation therapy that resulted in a complete remission. The stage IVEB patient who underwent chemotherapy relapsed. This patient underwent subsequent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and is alive at 30 months. Two patients (stages IVEB and IIEA) without treatment died at 0.8 and 7.0 months, respectively. For PPL patients, chemotherapy-based treatment, and addition of radiation therapy, if possible, may offer good prognosis.

Manejo actual de los linfomas / Current concepts: management of lymphomas

Lymphomas constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases of the lymphatic system. Between all the varieties of malignancies, lymphomas show problems and special opportunities for the diagnosis and detections. The existence of numerous histologic subtypes and the similarity of malignant lymphocytes with the normal lymphocytes in their distinct stages of differentiation and activation, had led to the development of sophisticated diagnosti methods to assist the morphology in the recognition of them. Special considerations are made about the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and the Epstein-Barr virus. The author also details the classification, the treatment and the epidemiology.

Linfomas cutáneos: [revisión] / Cutaneous lymphomas: [review]

Los linfomas cutáneos son procesos linfoproliferativos malignos –de linfocitos T, NK o B- cuya primera manifestación clínica es la presencia de lesiones cutáneas sin existir enfermedad extracutánea en el momento del diagnóstico. Se discute la reciente clasificación propuesta por la WHO-EORTC y se revisan los diferentes linfomas cutáneos desde el punto de vista del diagnóstico clínicopatológico, del pronóstico y del tratamiento.

Linfomas cutáneos primarios: Parte I / Primary cutaneous lymphomas: Part I

Realizamos una revisión de la bibliografía sobre los linfomas cutáneos primarios tomando como base la nueva clasificación donde EORTC y OMS aunaron conceptos y criterios para ella. Destacamos que los linfomas cutáneos de células T tienen una mayor agresividad, tienen tendencia a lesiones más generalizadas y agresivas, y dentro de los más frecuentes del grupo se encuentran la micosis fungoide con todas sus variantes y el síndrome de Sézary. El linfoma T paniculítico con fenotipo alfa/beta debe ser considerado como tal, siendo la forma gamma/delta CD4- y CD8- con coexpresión CD56 incluido en la categoría de linfoma T gamma/delta. Los linfomas cutáneos de células B son menos agresivos y sus lesiones tienen preferencia por la zona de cabeza y cuello. En ellos se debe investigar por serología, infecciones previas, en especial por Borrelia burgdorferi. Las nuevas aclaraciones sobre los diferentes linfomas B, principalmente en los primarios difusos y en los perifoliculares, facilita la elección de una terapéutica más o menos agresiva. Se avanza cada día más en el estudio de estas patologías, debiéndose realizar un estudio exhaustivo clínico y laboratorial donde se incluya el estudio inmunohistoquímico e inmunogenético, sin los cuales no se llega a realizar un acertado diagnóstico. Cada entidad definida como linfoma tiene como característica el hecho de presentar un inmunofenotipo, un inmunogenotipo y un conjunto de anormalidades moleculares que la hacen diferenciable de otro tipo de linfoma, lo que permite diagnosticarlo, estadificarlo y predecir su comportamiento biológico. Múltiples terapéuticas en uso y/o en fase de investigación cambiarán en un futuro cercano la evolución de los linfomas cutáneos primarios. Podemos mencionar los anticuerpos monoclonales. Los anti CD20 (rituximab) son los más efectivos y los más estudiados. Dentro de otros se encuentran ya en estudios avanzados alemtuzumab (anti CD52), epratuzumab (anti CD22), apolizumab (anti HLA-DR) y galiximab...

We have a bibliographic revision of primary cutaneous limphomas using the EORTC and WHO new classification in order to unify concepts. Cutaneous T cell like lymphomas (C+CL) have a higher aggressiveness with a generalized and aggressive tendency; being the most frecuents all varieties of micosys fungoide (MF) and Sézary sindrome. Those lymphomas with a/ß phenotype must be estrictly considered as a subcutaneous panniculiticlike + cell lymphoma; and those with ?/d phenotype as +/NK cell lymphoma; wich has a very agressive clinical course. Cutaneous B cell lymphomas are less aggressive and its lesions are preferably situated in head and neck, in this cases previous infections must be investigated, specially Borrelia burgdoferi infections. The new classifications of diferents B lymphomas, principally betwen primary cutaneous and folliculars, facilitates the selection of a correct therapy. The study of these pathologies advances every day. It is very important to include immunihistochemical, immunogenetic and immunophenotype studies so as rech bo the correct diagnosis and classification of the lymphomas. New therapies and new combination of therapies will offer a promising future.

Pitfalls in classifying lymphomas.

BACKGROUND: Although the WHO classification (2001) requires a great deal of morphologic, immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical features for classifying lymphomas, it is still feasible to misdiagnose under limited resources, especially a limited panel of antibodies used for immunophenotyping. To identify pitfalls in classifying lymphomas among hematopathologist, general pathologists, and pathology residents under this situation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Newly diagnosed lymphoma cases from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003 at Siriraj Hospital were included for two rounds of individually blinded review by a hematopathologist, two general pathologists, and three pathology residents. Final diagnoses were given by consensus. Pitfalls were determined from misdiagnosis, in each case analyzed in terms of frequency. RESULTS: One hundred and four lymphoma cases included 61 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 58.6%), 12 MALT lymphoma (11.5%), eight follicular lymphoma (FL, 7.7%), seven classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, 6.7%), four unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL, 3.8%), three Burkitt lymphoma (BL, 2.9%), two subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL, 1.9%), and seven other uncommon types (1% each). Pitfalls were low infrequency on diagnosis of DLBCL, nodular sclerosis HL, and SPTCL (8% each), but not different among the participants only in DLBCL. Pitfalls in diagnosis of MALT lymphoma, mixed cellularity HL, BL, unspecified PTCL, and FL were 60%, 50%, 33%, 29%, and 24%, respectively. However, considering hematopathologist and non-hematopathologist groups, pitfalls in the former were lower, especially in the uncommon types of lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Pitfalls in classifying lymphomas are common. Interest in hematopathology reduces misdiagnosis in lymphomas other than DLBCL.

Estudo retrospectivo de linfoma canino no período de 1990 - 2004 na região norte do Paraná / Retrospective study of canine lymphoma in period 1990 - 2004, north region the of Paraná

O linfoma canino é a principal neoplasia de origem hemolinfática. Foram analisados 186 casos de linfoma diagnosticados entre 1990 a 2004. Observou-se que cães machos apresentaram uma ocorrência maior (58,6%) do que em fêmeas (41,4%). A idade média dos animais acometidos foi de 5,9 anos. As maiores ocorrências do linfoma foram observadas em cães sem raça definida (40,3 %), Pastor Alemão (8,6%), Rottweiler (8,1%) e Boxer (7,0%). Quanto à classificação anatômica e estadiamento clínico, a maior ocorrência foi a da forma multicêntrica(68,8%) e os estádios III (37,1%) e IV (43,5%), respectivamente.

Canine malignant lymphoma (CML) is a common lymphoid tumor.Canine lymphomas from 1990 to 2004 (n=186) were analyzed onepidemiological aspects. The occurrence of CML in males ( 58,6%)was greater than in females (41,4%). The middle age of affected dogs was 5,9 years. The most common breeds in this study were mixedbreed (40,3%), German Sheepdog (8,6%), Rottweiler (8,1%) and Boxer (7,0%). For the anatomical classification and the clinical stagingof CML, the most common were multicentric form (68,8%) andstage III (37,1%) and IV (43,5%), respectively.

Cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas: a ten-year study at Emam Reza and Omid hospitals in Mashhad, using immunohistochemical and new classification methods

Cutaneous lymphomas are monoclonal neoplasic proliferations of immune cells most frequently T or B cells that infiltrate skin.Development of new diagnostic methods, particularly those for immunophenotyping, have substantially changed classification of these neoplasms. These reasons prompted us to perform this study.To re-classify cutaneous lymphoma and peudolymphomas in Mashhad. We reevaluated the specimens from a recent 10-year period filing in Emam Reza and Omid hospitals pathology archives and selected 46 cases diagnosed as any kind of skin lymphoid neoplasms. Then further histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Forty-three cases of definitely diagnosed lymphohematopoietic cutaneous disorders were composed of 26 [60.5%] cutaneous T cell lymphoma [CTCL], 16 [14%] cutaneous B cell lymphoma, 7 [16.3%] pseudolymphoma and 1 [2.2%] case of Hodgkin's disease [secondary involvement]. CTCLs were the most common lymphomas of the skin and mycosis fungoides was the most common CTCL. Immunohistochemical techniques can be greatly helpful in diagnosis and classification of cutaneous lymphomas. However, routine microscopic evaluation still remains the principle method for diagnosis, especially when there is a close cooperation between dermatologists and pathologists

Extranodal malignant lymphoma of the upperaerodigestive tract in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital according to WHO classification.

BACKGROUND: The Working Formulation commonly used to classify NHL in Thailand has been recognized as imperfect for primary extranodal lymphoma, especially in head and neck regions. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of extranodal malignant lymphoma of the upper aerodigestive tract according to WHO classification. SETTING: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. DESIGN: Descriptive study. PATIENTS: 77 Thai patients who presented between 1998 and 2003. METHODS: Routine histology was performed and stained with H&E and immunohistochemistry, and clinical characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: The patients included 42 males and 35 females, with an average age of 53.87 years. Tumor sites were as follows: Waldeyer ring (n = 42, 54.55%), sinonasal areas (n = 19, 24.67%), oral cavity (n = 9, 11.69%), hypopharynx (n = 4, 5.19%), and larynx (n = 3, 3.90%). Immunohistochemically, 57 tumors (74.02%) were of B-cell phenotype and 19 tumors (24.68%) were of T-cell phenotype. According to the WHO classification, 45 cases (58.43%) were large B-cell, 3 (3.90%) were Burkitt, 3 (3.90%) were marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), 4 (5.19%) were follicular lymphoma, 1 (1.30%) was precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 1 (1.30%) were mantle cell lymphoma. Among the T-cell lymphomas, 9 (11.69%) were of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified, 9 (11.69%) were extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, and 1 (1.30%) were anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. In nasal cavity, 8 tumors (42.11%) were extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, 5 (26.32%) were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 4 (21.05%) were peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unclassified, and 1 (5.26%) was Burkitt lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Our data correspond with series from Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea, but there is a significant difference from Western population in T-cell lymphomas of sinonasal area especially extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma of nasal type and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified which had a higher frequency in Thailand, Japan, Hong Kong, and Korea.

Spectrum of malignant lymphomas in Bahrain. Leitmotif of a regional pattern

To determine the clinicopathologic features of malignant lymphomas in Bahraini patients. A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted. All new cases of malignant lymphoma diagnosed during the period January 1996 to December 2001 at the Salmaniya Medical Complex in Bahrain were included in the study. Seventy-two cases met the inclusion criteria. This included 24 [33.3%] cases of Hodgkin's disease [HD] and 48 [66.7%] cases of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas [NHL]. A young age at presentation [median 20 years] mixed cellularity histology, lack of extra nodal involvement and rare marrow involvement characterized HD. The majority of NHL showed diffuse high or intermediate grade lesions. A high number of primary extra nodal neoplasms [41.7% of NHL] and frequent involvement of the gastrointestinal tract with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric lymphomas were notable features among NHL cases. Immunohistochemical staining in 30 cases showed 26 cases [86.7%] of B cell and 4 cases of T cell origin. The study highlights common features that distinguish malignant lymphoma reported from countries of the Arabian Gulf region. This pattern distinguishes them from the disease encountered in the Western world